![]() The PM signal is then multiplexed back with the returned un-modulated signal and the combined beams form an amplitude-modulated (AM) signal. The index change changes the speed of the optical signals, creating a phase-modulation (PM). If there is an E-field present, a voltage occurs between the electrodes and makes an index change on the optical signal proportional to that of the voltage. On the bottom side, the signal passes through the electrodes and LN crystal. On the top half of the splitter, the signal reflects back off the AR-coated mirror. While the frequency remains the same, the amplitude is effectively cut in half. Figure courtesy, Seikoh Giken.Ī non-modulated laser source is sent through the single mode fiber and enters the optical waveguide of the lithium niobite (LN) crystal, where it is split in two. Figure 2 – The basic physics of the lithium niobate (LN) electric to optical probe. ![]()
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